Colored US highway shields |
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Florida was not the only state to use colored US route shields, nor were they the first. But they certainly became the most well-known. Why?
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For one thing, while most other states that used colored route shields did so only for intra-city navigation, Florida was one of the few that implemented colored shields on a statewide basis. Also, FDoT continued posting colored shields well into the 1990s, which was about thirty years beyond the time when other states stopped. Florida started using colored US highway signs in 1956, and the 1957 issue of the official state highway map was the first to show them:
Florida used seven different colors, and they were originally assigned in such a way that no two routes having the same color shield would intersect. (An exception occurred later, when the green US 192 was extended west to intersect the green US 27.)
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Some photos showing how these colored Florida signs looked can be viewed on the following pages: US 1 :: US 19 :: US 27 :: US 41 :: US 92 :: US 129 :: US 192 :: US 221 :: US 231 :: US 331 :: US 301 :: Miami :: Pensacola :: St. Pete :: Sanderson
The now-defunct website us-highways.com put it like this: "In 1956, the language of the MUTCD allowed the use of colored shields. But by the 1980s, the verbiage in the MUTCD had changed, prohibiting the use of colors other than black and white on the standard US highway shield. So after three decades of use, Florida's colored US highway signs were suddenly considered non-standard. FHWA refused to allow Federal gas tax funds to be spent on new or replacement colored US shields. The colored US shields were no more expensive than a standard US marker, although yellow and orange markers did require more frequent replacement. FDOT maintenance forces placed colored shields up at state expense. Florida officially ceased producing colored US route markers on August 27, 1993. No new colored US shields were made after that time, but old stocks were used until they were exhausted. The last of the old colored shields were posted in 1996. Each year that passes, there are fewer of the old colored signs left. They are being replaced with standard MUTCD black and white signs. Occasionally a county or private entity will post a sign in the old color scheme, but that is a rare event."
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Arizona also used colored route shields statewide, from 1955-1964. However, they implemented their color scheme with both US and state highway markers. Also, they deployed only four colors, each one indicating a specific direction-of-travel, as illustrated on this legend from the 1961 official highway map:
Signs in the field did not look exactly like those illustrations; following are some actual photos:
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(unknown)
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date and attribution unknown
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At this time, I do not have much information about South Dakota's colored route shields, but I believe their system must have been statewide. I say this because there were colored shields for routes that passed through only smaller cities in South Dakota (such as US 12, 18, and 212):
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However, if you zoom in to this photo, on both the far left and far right sides, you can see a US 16 shield that looks black (rather than green, like the one shown above). So more information is needed about South Dakota's methodology.
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From 1956-'64, Louisiana used white-on-green US route shields, apparently on a statewide basis; this photo was taken in Ferriday:
Lindsay, 1965
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It appears that the idea for colored US route shields originated with highway officials trying to help drivers navigate through larger cities. Before modern freeways were built, following a US route through a town could sometimes involve making several turns. It was thought that adding color to the route markers would aid motorists with intra-city navigation. To my knowledge, the earliest experiments with this idea were in Jackson Mississippi in 1947 (although this same article quoted a state highway maintenance engineer who said he did not believe the idea originated with his agency). In Mississippi this was done not only with US routes, but with state highways as well:
Feb. 1947 issue of Better Roads magazine
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Feb. 1947 issue of Better Roads magazine
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That article specified that US 49 was red in Jackson; US 51 was blue; Business 80 was yellow; but mainline US 80 used standard black-and-white signage. Obviously other cities had different highways and different colors...
Edgar
...and the same highway was not necessarily the same color in different cities. For example, US 49 was red in Jackson, but yellow in another city. Both blue and green shields are known for US 51.
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Connecticut began experimenting with colored US route shields shortly afterward, in 1948 (more info):
Reportedly US 6 shields were black-on-yellow.
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Lindsay, 1964
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It is possible that the New England states coordinated their US route colors, because here we see examples of shields in Massachusetts and Rhode Island that used the same colors as Connecticut:
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Lindsay, 1957
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District of Columbia used colored route shields to indicate direction, similar to Arizona. In the previous photo, the US 50 shield was yellow (not white), and it is possible that eastbound shields were blue. Northbound US 240 was obviously blue, and this red US 240 was probably used for southbound traffic:
That blue US 1 shield was probably for the benefit of northbound drivers, and there is evidence that red shields were used for southbound.
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US 56 was commissioned in 1957, right during the height of popularity of colored route shields. Kansas initially posted the route using white-on-green shields statewide, and some of those signs were still extant into the 1980s:
Green US 56 shield in Kansas (date and attribution unknown)
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Broady
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from a postcard printed in Larned, probably late 1950s
Kansas even used these green shields in the same context as other standard black-and-white shields, which in my opinion looked a bit odd:
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According to the paragraph below, during the 1950s and '60s Spokane Washington used the same direction-based color scheme as Arizona (excerpt from Oct. 1954 issue of State of Washington Department of Highways News):
Following are some photos that were in that same news article (I manually colored the second and third ones based on the color description):
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c. 1954, WSDoT (in Olympia, looking north on Capitol Way at Legion Way)
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c. 1954, WSDoT (colorized by me)
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I also came across this photo showing the same sign, except the 195/395 shield on the right had been changed to reference only US 195:
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(date and attribution unknown)
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I suspect that second photo was taken after the first, and here's why I think it was corrected: That sign was posted on the High Bridge over Latah (aka Hangman) Creek, in which case southbound US 395 would have been behind the camera, so it did not make sense to reference it heading that direction at that location.
According to this colorized photo, Olympia may not have used the same four colors as Spokane did for its intra-city routes: |
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Other states have used colored US route shields in a different manner than any of the examples noted above. Reportedly, from the 1930s-70s, at places where US and state highways entered Indiana, the route markers were gold-on-blue. Since 1978, Idaho has used brown highway markers on its officially-designated scenic byways (US and state routes). Possibly a different color scheme was used during the 1950s, but few details are known.
Research and/or photo credits: Jake Bear; Mark Bozanich; Scott Broady; Robert Droz; Robert Edgar; Jim Lindsay; Dale Sanderson; Mike Traverse
Page originally created 2016;
last updated Jun. 4, 2019.
last updated Jun. 4, 2019.
